Fresh water salinity water flooding low salinity water flooding figure 28. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n. The recovery of crude oil from geological reservoirs is a complex process that bridges multiple length scales. January 12 low salinity water flooding 9 sis training water salinity common units schlumberger private january 12 low salinity water flooding 10. The floods affected the quality of water in the tarim river where it was slightly basic with ph 8. This work is aimed at investigating the recovery efficiency of polymeraugmented low salinity waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs. Multi scale research, simulation, applications and ioreor synergies.
A new simulation model for low salinity water flooding has been developed using representative parameters based on current published literature. It is the injection of water into a wellbore to push, or drive oil to another well where it can be produced recognized enhanced oil recovery technique since early 1900s some oil reservoirs have natural water influx, which increases oil production called water drive reservoirs. The sources of lowsalinity water are typically rivers, lakes. Flooding with low salinity water causes desorption of petroleum heavy ends from the clays present on the pore wall, resulting in a more waterwet rock surface, a lower remaining oil saturation and higher oil recovery. View low salinity waterflooding research papers on academia. Improved oil recovery mechanisms from low salinity water injection in clastic and carbonate formations practical process modelling approaches using new and existing features in cmg software differences between the simulation results of the mechanistic modelling. The physicschemistry of lowsalinity water injection is discussed from porelevel mechanisms to fieldscale application, with an emphasis on surface chemistry, relativepermeability measurements, practical reservoir. The sources of low salinity water are typically rivers, lakes or aquifers associated with meteoric water. Pdf the low salinity water injection method losal has become one of the important research topics in the oil industry. Wind damage and salinity effects of hurricanes katrina and.
Lowsalinity waterflooding lswf is a potential new method for enhanced oil recovery eor in. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced oil. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs. However, many new developments have shown that reducing the salinity of the injected water increases the oil recovery. In standard water flooding oil recovery, water, typically sea water is injected on a macroscopic scale into the oilcarrying rock layers to push the oil from these injection wells towards a production well, where the oil is produced. Modelling of low salinity water flooding using stars and. Most of the available literature has dedicated efforts to investigate the effect of low salinity water injection, especially for sandstone.
Low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs. Several studies have been done on lswi water injection at laboratory scale and to a limited extent at. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n sandstone reservoirs. This school covers the basics of wettability and lowsalinity waterflooding. The rise of water table to the surface level is called water logging and the appearance of salty patches is called salinity. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs.
The ph stayed below 7 in both low salinity and high salinity cases. Wettability and lowsalinity water flooding 5th delft summer school pavel bedrikovetsky is professor of petroleum engineering at the university of adelaide. This paper includes a description of the seawater cycle match and two. Although the mechanisms of low salinity water is still debated, two major advantages of low salinity water flooding over other enhanced oil recovery eor techniques are.
In this study, geochemical simulation results show that the mie cannot be credited as the only mechanism of low salinity water flooding, but double layer expansion, induced by multicomponent ion exchange, needs to be included to elucidate the mechanisms of lowsalinity water flooding. This special issue seeks high quality submissions, which are devoted to recent research advancements, development and application of low salinity water flooding processes for enhanced oil recovery in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs including but not limited to the following. The main motivation for field application of low salinity waterflooding is the. A study of low salinity water flooding in 1d and 2d. Results from song and kovscek 144 showing improved recovery on short time scales. The analysis of water pollution through sample sediment was helped by spectroscopy techniques and it was found that the flood was the main cause of many chemical elements in water. Comparative remaining oil saturation after high and low salinity water flooding lsw has the highest efficiency in terms of improved oil recovery e.
On the other hand, polymer flooding is performed to control fluids mobility. Since the first experimental observations of the increased oil recovery in the socalled low salinity water flooding, many researchers have been trying to understand the underlying mechanisms and the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of this low cost oil recovery method. This webinar discusses the low salinity water injection workflow available in gem and introduced a practical modelling workflow. Optimisation of isotopic techniques was initiated in 2000 within the framework of the iaea water programme.
Effects of flooding, salinity and herbivory on coastal plant. The only concerns with this technique are water sourcing and water disposal. Formation damage due to water injection was the main issue of water flooding design process for many years. The relative permeability of the low salinity case indicates a more water wet state than that of the high salinity flood. Origin of salinity and impacts on fresh groundwater. Salinity is a measure of the total concentration of inorganic ions salts in. In another secondary flood, a higher incremental oil recovery was obtained. Low salinity waterflooding fundamentals and case studies. Several studies shown that oil recovery significantly increase by low salinity water flooding lswf in sandstone. Low salinity water flooding schlumberger private chuck kossack schlumberger advisor january 12 denver, colorado low salinity water flooding 1 sis training ntnu lecture theoryoverview of low salinity water flooding eclipse modeling of lswf schlumberger private sensitivity study of lswf economics january 12 low salinity water flooding 2.
Pdf low salinity water flooding and combination of low salinity. An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery in. The main recovery mechanism behind low salinity waterflooding is wettability alteration to more water wet state. Ppt low salinity water flooding experimental experience and. Effects of flooding, salinity and herbivory on coastal. Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery cuong t. It can be concluded that either one or more of these mechanisms. Mysteries behind the low salinity water injection technique.
Conditions for a lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery eor. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research. In standard water flooding oil recovery, water, typically seawater is injected on a macroscopic scale into the oilcarrying rock layers to push the oil from these injection wells towards a. You will practice applying relative permeability interpolation and chemical reactions available in the geochemistry module in gem and stars to include wettability alteration and mineral dissolution properties. Research groups from australia, china, france, israel, italy, jordan, korea, morocco, pakistan, sweden, tunisia and united kingdom of. Based on published data and new experimental results on core flooding, effects of ph and salinity on adsorption of acidic and basic organic components onto different clay minerals, clay properties like ion exchange capacity and selectivity, and oil properties, a new. Hence, salinity can be described as either soil salinity or water salinity. Low salinity flooding of reservoir cores including cbm water, chemical analysis and in. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir, and early water breakthrough that may cause production and. Low salinity waterflooding industrial xray imaging. Encouraging low salinity waterflood eor in the north sea. The main recovery mechanism behind low salinity waterflooding is wettability alteration to more waterwet state.
Sp solution when prepared in high salinity mixing water 6% nacl. His research covers lowsalinity waterflood, formation damage and eor. Low salinity water flooding proof of field pressure. Salinity refers to the movement and concentration of salt, in landscapes. These conventional water flooding projects have involved the use of seawater or produced water, which is high salinity. Modeling of low salinity effects in sandstone oil rocks 97 directly involved in the waterrock chemistry model in terms of the mie process. A proposed screening criterion for lowsalinity waterflooding is introduced. This low salinity water injection eor technique is also known in the literature as losal, smart water. Low salinity water flooding is a very promising eor method in recent years in which chemistry play major role in improving oil recovery. Mechanistic modelling of low salinity waterflood in clastics. Study of impacts of floods on the water quality in an arid.
Mechanistic modelling of low salinity waterflood in. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced. Pdf low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oilwater relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. Interfacial properties and improved oil recovery by waterflooding, presented at technical advisory board for. It is mainly the outcome of canal irrigation in pakistan. Nanofluids and low salinity water lsw flooding are two novel techniques for enhanced oil recovery. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low. Buy low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs. In a presented case of secondary waterflooding, the formation water salinity was 28,000 ppm and the injection water salinity was 1400 ppm.
Lowsalinity flooding in a selected carbonate reservoir. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Numerical study of low salinity water flooding in naturally. The 2d study focused on capturing the movement of the water saturation fronts. Lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery eor effects have for a long time been associated with sandstone reservoirs containing clay minerals. His research covers low salinity waterflood, formation damage and eor.
The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent production wells. Mar 17, 20 the objective of this work is to investigate the merits of using lowsalinity flooding techniques to enhance oil recovery in bu hasa reservoir, identify the mechanism involved in the additional recovery of oil by lowsalinity flooding, and evaluate the effect of different ions so 4 2. Recently, a laboratory study showing lowsalinity eor effects from composite carbonate core material was reported. He authored a seminal book on reservoir engineering and over 200 papers in academic journals and spe. Two possible reasons for the late interest would be the assumption that water flooding for carbonate rocks is less effective because of insufficient imbibition xie et al, 2005 and the speculations that. An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery in carbonate and sandstone formation international journal of petroleum and petrochemical engineering ijppe page 3 charged chalk surface, and a reduction of the positive surface charge will prevail. Australias arid climate and internal drainage system have produced a huge. Low salinity, water flooding, core flood, oil recovery, secondary recovery. Porescale mechanisms of low salinity waterflooding. Throughout australia, there are large areas of naturally saline soils. Mechanisms behind low salinity water injection in carbonate. Novel insights into porescale dynamics of wettability alteration.
Water flooding has for a long time been employed to improve oil recovery in many oil fields. In the present paper, the results of oil recovery by lowsalinity water flooding from core material sampled from the aqueous zone of a. Jul 18, 2016 buy low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs. Measurement of salinitytotal dissolved solids background the australian drinking water guidelines adwg state that based on taste, total dissolved solids in drinking water should not exceed 500 mgl.
Low salinity water flooding experimental experience and challenges is the property of its rightful owner. Nanofluids and lowsalinity water lsw flooding are two novel techniques for enhanced oil. An enhanced oil recovery method that uses water with a low concentration of dissolved salts as a flooding medium. E n h a n c e d o i l r e c o v e r y i n s t i t u t e presentations july 2010 onward morrow, n. Low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs mdpi. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir. Although wetland plant species are adapted to these stressors, questions persist as to how marshes may respond to changed abiotic variables caused by rslr, and how herbivory by native and nonnative mammals may affect this response. Enhanced oil recovery in high salinity high temperature. Low salinity and engineered water injection for sandstone and.
Interfacial properties and improved oil recovery by waterflooding, presented at technical advisory board for enhanced oil recovery institute, university of wyoming, july 2010. Wettability and low salinity water flooding 5th delft summer school pavel bedrikovetsky is professor of petroleum engineering at the university of adelaide. Effect of multicomponent ions exchange on low salinity eor. To induce the wettability alteration, low salinity water should be. Learn the mechanisms involved in low salinity water injection lswi as an enhanced oil recovery eor process and the application of advanced simulation tools to model this process. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oil water relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. Efficiency of enhanced oil recovery using polymeraugmented.
The unknown variables we solve for are water saturation s dimensionless, and concentrations cna, ccl, cca, cso, cmg in terms of mole per liter water. Wind damage and salinity effects of hurricanes katrina and rita on coastal baldcypress forests of louisiana by thomas w. Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery. No effects have been observed using refined oil free from polar components. Despite some efforts on investigating benefits of each method, the pros and cons of their. Potential of lowsalinity waterflooding technology to improve oil. Low salinity water flooding experimental experience and. Salinity soil and water farm management agriculture. Low salinity flooding of reservoir cores including cbm water, chemical analysis and inline monitoring of ph and conductivity of effluent brine behrooz raeesi, ph. Effect of multicomponent ions exchange on low salinity. A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil.
Oil recovery from heavy oil resources has always been a challenging task. Evaluation of lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery effects in sandstone. Wettability alteration during low salinity waterflooding. Swarzenski the frequency of hurricane landfall in a given coastal stretch may. The objective of this paper is to investigate the main mechanisms behind the lswi effect on oil recovery from carbonates through historymatching of a recently published coreflood.
Further studies on carbonate rocks also proved that low salinity effect might be observed for carbonate rocks as well. Enhanced oil recovery in high salinity high temperature reservoir by chemical flooding. Low salinity water injection is an emerging eor technology, applicable to mixedtooilwet sandstone reservoirs. A coordinated research project crp on origin of salinity and impacts on fresh groundwater resources. The effect of low salinity water injection on carbonate has not been thoroughly investigated in contrast to sandstone rocks because wettability alteration by low salinity water is related to the presence of clay, which is not the case in carbonate rocks. Swarzenski the frequency of hurricane landfall in a given coastal stretch may play a more important role in the ecology of. Enhanced oil recovery of low salinity water flooding in sandstone. The results showed that during flooding the freeclay core with ls water, the. The relative permeability of the low salinity case indicates a more waterwet state than that of the high salinity flood. Pdf mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in.
An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery. The 2d study focused on capturing the movement of the water saturation fronts in transparent 2d sand packs via digital recordings. Low salinity water injection lswi is gaining popularity as an improved oil recovery technique in both secondary and tertiary injection modes. January 12 low salinity water flooding 45 sis training pvtsalt example pvtwsalt ref ref salt conc. Low salinity waterflooding fundamentals and case studies norman r. Low salinity and engineered water injection for sandstone. These categories also appear on the specific tolerance curves for various crop groups shown. There have been many hypotheses in literature on the actual mechanism that take place. Since the first experimental observations of the increased oil recovery in the socalled low salinity waterflooding, many researchers have been trying to understand the underlying mechanisms and the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of this lowcost oil recovery method. The objective of this work is to investigate the merits of using lowsalinity flooding techniques to enhance oil recovery in bu hasa reservoir, identify the mechanism involved in the additional recovery of oil by lowsalinity flooding, and evaluate the effect of different ions so 4 2. Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil. Flooding and salinity stress are predicted to increase in coastal louisiana as relative sea level rise rslr continues in the gulf of mexico region. Low salinity as new technique of enhanced oil recovery.
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