The sources of lowsalinity water are typically rivers, lakes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the main mechanisms behind the lswi effect on oil recovery from carbonates through historymatching of a recently published coreflood. Low salinity water flooding is a very promising eor method in recent years in which chemistry play major role in improving oil recovery. Interfacial properties and improved oil recovery by waterflooding, presented at technical advisory board for. Low salinity water flooding proof of field pressure. Formation damage due to water injection was the main issue of water flooding design process for many years. Buy low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs. Low salinity water injection is an emerging eor technology, applicable to mixedtooilwet sandstone reservoirs. Swarzenski the frequency of hurricane landfall in a given coastal stretch may play a more important role in the ecology of. Australias arid climate and internal drainage system have produced a huge. To induce the wettability alteration, low salinity water should be. Jul 18, 2016 buy low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs. Enhanced oil recovery of low salinity water flooding in sandstone.
This school covers the basics of wettability and lowsalinity waterflooding. Low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs mdpi. January 12 low salinity water flooding 45 sis training pvtsalt example pvtwsalt ref ref salt conc. A coordinated research project crp on origin of salinity and impacts on fresh groundwater resources. Pdf low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs. Ppt low salinity water flooding experimental experience and. Nanofluids and low salinity water lsw flooding are two novel techniques for enhanced oil recovery. Wind damage and salinity effects of hurricanes katrina and. The results showed that during flooding the freeclay core with ls water, the. Water flooding has for a long time been employed to improve oil recovery in many oil fields. This work is aimed at investigating the recovery efficiency of polymeraugmented low salinity waterflooding in heavy oil reservoirs. Wettability and low salinity water flooding 5th delft summer school pavel bedrikovetsky is professor of petroleum engineering at the university of adelaide. The effect of low salinity water injection on carbonate has not been thoroughly investigated in contrast to sandstone rocks because wettability alteration by low salinity water is related to the presence of clay, which is not the case in carbonate rocks. This study aims to investigate the possibility of using low salinity water flooding in naturally fractured reservoirs.
The recovery of crude oil from geological reservoirs is a complex process that bridges multiple length scales. Two possible reasons for the late interest would be the assumption that water flooding for carbonate rocks is less effective because of insufficient imbibition xie et al, 2005 and the speculations that. Several studies shown that oil recovery significantly increase by low salinity water flooding lswf in sandstone. An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery. In standard water flooding oil recovery, water, typically seawater is injected on a macroscopic scale into the oilcarrying rock layers to push the oil from these injection wells towards a. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in.
Recently, a laboratory study showing lowsalinity eor effects from composite carbonate core material was reported. Low salinity waterflooding research papers academia. The main recovery mechanism behind low salinity waterflooding is wettability alteration to more water wet state. In the present paper, the results of oil recovery by lowsalinity water flooding from core material sampled from the aqueous zone of a. Encouraging low salinity waterflood eor in the north sea. January 12 low salinity water flooding 9 sis training water salinity common units schlumberger private january 12 low salinity water flooding 10. Hence, salinity can be described as either soil salinity or water salinity. Effects of flooding, salinity and herbivory on coastal plant. Although wetland plant species are adapted to these stressors, questions persist as to how marshes may respond to changed abiotic variables caused by rslr, and how herbivory by native and nonnative mammals may affect this response. Numerical study of low salinity water flooding in naturally. He authored a seminal book on reservoir engineering and over 200 papers in academic journals and spe. Effect of multicomponent ions exchange on low salinity. His research covers low salinity waterflood, formation damage and eor. In another secondary flood, a higher incremental oil recovery was obtained.
Evaluation of lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery effects in sandstone. The 2d study focused on capturing the movement of the water saturation fronts in transparent 2d sand packs via digital recordings. You will practice applying relative permeability interpolation and chemical reactions available in the geochemistry module in gem and stars to include wettability alteration and mineral dissolution properties. The 2d study focused on capturing the movement of the water saturation fronts. Mechanistic modelling of low salinity waterflood in clastics.
Improved oil recovery mechanisms from low salinity water injection in clastic and carbonate formations practical process modelling approaches using new and existing features in cmg software differences between the simulation results of the mechanistic modelling. The relative permeability of the low salinity case indicates a more waterwet state than that of the high salinity flood. Mar 17, 20 the objective of this work is to investigate the merits of using lowsalinity flooding techniques to enhance oil recovery in bu hasa reservoir, identify the mechanism involved in the additional recovery of oil by lowsalinity flooding, and evaluate the effect of different ions so 4 2. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced. Study of impacts of floods on the water quality in an arid. Wettability and lowsalinity water flooding 5th delft summer school pavel bedrikovetsky is professor of petroleum engineering at the university of adelaide. It can be concluded that either one or more of these mechanisms. The physicschemistry of lowsalinity water injection is discussed from porelevel mechanisms to fieldscale application, with an emphasis on surface chemistry, relativepermeability measurements, practical reservoir. Interfacial properties and improved oil recovery by waterflooding, presented at technical advisory board for enhanced oil recovery institute, university of wyoming, july 2010. E n h a n c e d o i l r e c o v e r y i n s t i t u t e presentations july 2010 onward morrow, n. An enhanced oil recovery method that uses water with a low concentration of dissolved salts as a flooding medium. Pdf mechanisms behind low salinity water flooding in. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir. Comparative remaining oil saturation after high and low salinity water flooding lsw has the highest efficiency in terms of improved oil recovery e.
Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced oil recovery. Low salinity flooding of reservoir cores including cbm water, chemical analysis and inline monitoring of ph and conductivity of effluent brine behrooz raeesi, ph. The relative permeability of the low salinity case indicates a more water wet state than that of the high salinity flood. Salinity refers to the movement and concentration of salt, in landscapes. In a presented case of secondary waterflooding, the formation water salinity was 28,000 ppm and the injection water salinity was 1400 ppm. Several studies have been done on lswi water injection at laboratory scale and to a limited extent at. Sp solution when prepared in high salinity mixing water 6% nacl. The ph stayed below 7 in both low salinity and high salinity cases. Low salinity water flooding experimental experience and challenges is the property of its rightful owner.
Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery. The objective of this work is to investigate the merits of using lowsalinity flooding techniques to enhance oil recovery in bu hasa reservoir, identify the mechanism involved in the additional recovery of oil by lowsalinity flooding, and evaluate the effect of different ions so 4 2. The main motivation for field application of low salinity waterflooding is the. Nanofluids and lowsalinity water lsw flooding are two novel techniques for enhanced oil. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oil water relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. Special issue on low salinity water flooding for enhanced oil. Conditions for a lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery eor. Multi scale research, simulation, applications and ioreor synergies. It is mainly the outcome of canal irrigation in pakistan. Effect of multicomponent ions exchange on low salinity eor. No effects have been observed using refined oil free from polar components. Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil. These categories also appear on the specific tolerance curves for various crop groups shown. Low salinity waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs.
The analysis of water pollution through sample sediment was helped by spectroscopy techniques and it was found that the flood was the main cause of many chemical elements in water. Low salinity and engineered water injection for sandstone and. This paper includes a description of the seawater cycle match and two. This webinar discusses the low salinity water injection workflow available in gem and introduced a practical modelling workflow. Mechanisms behind low salinity water injection in carbonate. This special issue seeks high quality submissions, which are devoted to recent research advancements, development and application of low salinity water flooding processes for enhanced oil recovery in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs including but not limited to the following. Lowsalinity enhanced oil recovery eor effects have for a long time been associated with sandstone reservoirs containing clay minerals. Lowsalinity waterflooding lswf is a potential new method for enhanced oil recovery eor in. The water from injection wells physically sweeps the displaced oil to adjacent production wells. Enhanced oil recovery in high salinity high temperature reservoir by chemical flooding.
Low salinity as new technique of enhanced oil recovery. Porescale mechanisms of low salinity waterflooding. Optimisation of isotopic techniques was initiated in 2000 within the framework of the iaea water programme. Measurement of salinitytotal dissolved solids background the australian drinking water guidelines adwg state that based on taste, total dissolved solids in drinking water should not exceed 500 mgl. Low salinity waterflooding fundamentals and case studies norman r. It is the injection of water into a wellbore to push, or drive oil to another well where it can be produced recognized enhanced oil recovery technique since early 1900s some oil reservoirs have natural water influx, which increases oil production called water drive reservoirs. Pdf low salinity water flooding and combination of low salinity.
Modeling of low salinity waterflooding for enhanced oil recovery cuong t. Potential problems associated with waterflood techniques include inefficient recovery due to variable permeability, or similar conditions affecting fluid transport within the reservoir, and early water breakthrough that may cause production and. His research covers lowsalinity waterflood, formation damage and eor. Swarzenski the frequency of hurricane landfall in a given coastal stretch may. Novel insights into porescale dynamics of wettability alteration.
The sources of low salinity water are typically rivers, lakes or aquifers associated with meteoric water. Pdf the low salinity water injection method losal has become one of the important research topics in the oil industry. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research. Wettability alteration during low salinity waterflooding. Low salinity and engineered water injection for sandstone. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n. In this study, geochemical simulation results show that the mie cannot be credited as the only mechanism of low salinity water flooding, but double layer expansion, induced by multicomponent ion exchange, needs to be included to elucidate the mechanisms of lowsalinity water flooding. Fresh water salinity water flooding low salinity water flooding figure 28. Lowsalinity flooding in a selected carbonate reservoir.
Modeling of low salinity effects in sandstone oil rocks 97 directly involved in the waterrock chemistry model in terms of the mie process. Further studies on carbonate rocks also proved that low salinity effect might be observed for carbonate rocks as well. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding i n sandstone reservoirs. Salinity is a measure of the total concentration of inorganic ions salts in. Enhanced oil recovery in high salinity high temperature. Flooding with low salinity water causes desorption of petroleum heavy ends from the clays present on the pore wall, resulting in a more waterwet rock surface, a lower remaining oil saturation and higher oil recovery. These conventional water flooding projects have involved the use of seawater or produced water, which is high salinity. Results from song and kovscek 144 showing improved recovery on short time scales. Learn the mechanisms involved in low salinity water injection lswi as an enhanced oil recovery eor process and the application of advanced simulation tools to model this process.
Low salinity water flooding schlumberger private chuck kossack schlumberger advisor january 12 denver, colorado low salinity water flooding 1 sis training ntnu lecture theoryoverview of low salinity water flooding eclipse modeling of lswf schlumberger private sensitivity study of lswf economics january 12 low salinity water flooding 2. Low salinity water flooding experimental experience and. Modelling of low salinity water flooding using stars and. Based on published data and new experimental results on core flooding, effects of ph and salinity on adsorption of acidic and basic organic components onto different clay minerals, clay properties like ion exchange capacity and selectivity, and oil properties, a new. Salinity soil and water farm management agriculture.
Low salinity waterflooding industrial xray imaging. Efficiency of enhanced oil recovery using polymeraugmented. A study of low salinity water flooding in 1d and 2d. An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery in carbonate and sandstone formation international journal of petroleum and petrochemical engineering ijppe page 3 charged chalk surface, and a reduction of the positive surface charge will prevail. A method of secondary recovery in which water is injected into the reservoir formation to displace residual oil. The only concerns with this technique are water sourcing and water disposal. A new simulation model for low salinity water flooding has been developed using representative parameters based on current published literature. View low salinity waterflooding research papers on academia. Most of the available literature has dedicated efforts to investigate the effect of low salinity water injection, especially for sandstone. Mysteries behind the low salinity water injection technique. Low salinity waterflooding fundamentals and case studies. There have been many hypotheses in literature on the actual mechanism that take place.
This low salinity water injection eor technique is also known in the literature as losal, smart water. The unknown variables we solve for are water saturation s dimensionless, and concentrations cna, ccl, cca, cso, cmg in terms of mole per liter water. Chemical mechanism of low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs. Low salinity flooding of reservoir cores including cbm water, chemical analysis and in. Flooding and salinity stress are predicted to increase in coastal louisiana as relative sea level rise rslr continues in the gulf of mexico region. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. In standard water flooding oil recovery, water, typically sea water is injected on a macroscopic scale into the oilcarrying rock layers to push the oil from these injection wells towards a production well, where the oil is produced.
Throughout australia, there are large areas of naturally saline soils. A proposed screening criterion for lowsalinity waterflooding is introduced. Although the mechanisms of low salinity water is still debated, two major advantages of low salinity water flooding over other enhanced oil recovery eor techniques are. The main recovery mechanism behind low salinity waterflooding is wettability alteration to more waterwet state. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low. However, many new developments have shown that reducing the salinity of the injected water increases the oil recovery. The rise of water table to the surface level is called water logging and the appearance of salty patches is called salinity. Research groups from australia, china, france, israel, italy, jordan, korea, morocco, pakistan, sweden, tunisia and united kingdom of. Effects of flooding, salinity and herbivory on coastal. Low salinity, water flooding, core flood, oil recovery, secondary recovery. Potential of lowsalinity waterflooding technology to improve oil. Mechanistic modelling of low salinity waterflood in.
An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery in carbonate and sandstone formation. On the other hand, polymer flooding is performed to control fluids mobility. An experimental investigation of low salinity oil recovery in. Low salinity water injection lswi is gaining popularity as an improved oil recovery technique in both secondary and tertiary injection modes. Despite some efforts on investigating benefits of each method, the pros and cons of their. Wind damage and salinity effects of hurricanes katrina and rita on coastal baldcypress forests of louisiana by thomas w. The wettability changes are taking into account in terms of oilwater relative, saturation and capillary pressure as these parameters play a key role during the simulation of brine injection. Origin of salinity and impacts on fresh groundwater. The floods affected the quality of water in the tarim river where it was slightly basic with ph 8. Since the first experimental observations of the increased oil recovery in the socalled low salinity waterflooding, many researchers have been trying to understand the underlying mechanisms and the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of this lowcost oil recovery method. Since the first experimental observations of the increased oil recovery in the socalled low salinity water flooding, many researchers have been trying to understand the underlying mechanisms and the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of this low cost oil recovery method. Low salinity water flooding of heavy oil reservoirs.
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